# How to predict by hand in R using splines regression?

by Splinter   Last Updated August 13, 2019 22:19 PM

The R package splines allows one to fit a non linear model using splines. For instance,

require(stats); require(graphics)
bs(women\$height, df = 5)
summary(fm1 <- lm(weight ~ bs(height, df = 5), data = women))

## example of safe prediction
plot(women, xlab = "Height (in)", ylab = "Weight (lb)")
ht <- seq(57, 73, length.out = 200)
lines(ht, predict(fm1, data.frame(height = ht)))


This produces the following estimates

Call:
lm(formula = weight ~ bs(height, df = 5), data = women)

Residuals:
Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max
-0.31764 -0.13441  0.03922  0.11096  0.35086

Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)         114.8799     0.2167 530.146  < 2e-16 ***
bs(height, df = 5)1   3.4657     0.4595   7.543 3.53e-05 ***
bs(height, df = 5)2  13.0300     0.3965  32.860 1.10e-10 ***
bs(height, df = 5)3  27.6161     0.4571  60.415 4.70e-13 ***
bs(height, df = 5)4  40.8481     0.3866 105.669 3.09e-15 ***
bs(height, df = 5)5  49.1296     0.3090 158.979  < 2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 0.2276 on 9 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.9999,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.9998
F-statistic: 1.298e+04 on 5 and 9 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16


If I want to predict using these estimates, what should I put in the predictive model?

$$\hat{y} = \hat{\beta}^T \textbf{(?)}.$$

I know that I can obtain the predictions using the command predict, but I want to understand what is this command doing. Is it $$\textbf{(?)} = bs(x, df = 5)$$?

Tags :

## Related Questions

Updated October 28, 2018 08:19 AM

Updated September 21, 2017 15:19 PM

Updated August 21, 2015 17:08 PM

Updated August 15, 2017 19:19 PM

Updated December 13, 2018 14:19 PM